Category: InfoSec

Source: BleepingComputer
Author: Sergiu Gatlan
URL: https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-adds-hotpatching-support-to-windows-11-enterprise/

# ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
Microsoft now offers hotpatch updates for Windows 11 Enterprise 24H2, enabling background security updates without system reboots.

# MAIN POINTS:
1. Hotpatch updates are now available for Windows 11 Enterprise 24H2 (x64) users starting today.
2. Updates are applied in-memory, allowing background installation without rebooting the system.
3. Hotpatching minimizes disruptions while maintaining protection against cyberattacks.
4. Updates follow a quarterly cycle, with eight out of twelve months requiring no reboot.
5. Devices must be managed via Microsoft Intune using a hotpatch-enabled quality update policy.
6. Eligibility requires Windows 11 Enterprise 24H2, VBS enabled, and compatible Microsoft subscriptions.
7. Hotpatch support is still in public preview for Arm64 devices.
8. Admins can disable CHPE support for Arm64 via a registry key to maintain eligibility.
9. The Intune admin center auto-detects device eligibility for hotpatching.
10. Devices on Windows 10 or versions before 23H2 will continue standard monthly updates.

# TAKEAWAYS:
1. Hotpatching significantly reduces downtime by avoiding reboots after most security updates.
2. IT admins can streamline patch management using Microsoft Intune policies.
3. Compatible hardware and software configurations are essential for hotpatch eligibility.
4. Microsoft continues expanding hotpatch support across Windows platforms.
5. Arm64 support is coming but currently requires manual configuration for eligibility.

Source: The Hacker News
Author: [email protected] (The Hacker News)
URL: https://thehackernews.com/2025/03/5-impactful-aws-vulnerabilities-youre.html

# ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
AWS secures its infrastructure, but customers must manage their own cloud configurations, vulnerabilities, and data protection to remain secure.

# MAIN POINTS:
1. AWS uses a Shared Responsibility Model where customers secure data, applications, and configurations.
2. Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) remains a threat and requires customer-side mitigation like enabling IMDSv2.
3. Weak IAM policies can expose sensitive resources; least privilege access must be enforced by the customer.
4. Misconfigured S3 buckets and IDOR vulnerabilities can lead to significant data exposure risks.
5. Customers are responsible for patching their EC2 instances and software like Redis or Ubuntu OS.
6. AWS services like Lambda reduce patching needs but still require runtime management by users.
7. Exposed services like GitLab must be secured using VPNs, firewalls, or VPCs.
8. AWS does not monitor or control customers’ attack surfaces; exposure is the user’s responsibility.
9. Intruder provides continuous cloud security scanning, vulnerability detection, and attack surface management.
10. Intruder offers easy setup, no false alarms, clear remediation guidance, and predictable pricing.

# TAKEAWAYS:
1. Cloud security is not automatic; users must actively secure their AWS environments.
2. Misconfigurations and unpatched software are common vulnerabilities under customer control.
3. IAM mismanagement can lead to unauthorized access and data breaches.
4. Tools like Intruder can simplify vulnerability management and enhance security posture.
5. Understanding AWS’s Shared Responsibility Model is critical for effective cloud security.

Source: BleepingComputer
Author: Sergiu Gatlan
URL: https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/broadcom-warns-of-authentication-bypass-in-vmware-windows-tools/

## ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
Broadcom patched a high-severity authentication bypass in VMware Tools for Windows, preventing local attackers from gaining high privileges on VMs.

## MAIN POINTS:
1. Broadcom fixed CVE-2025-22230, an authentication bypass vulnerability in VMware Tools for Windows.
2. The flaw stems from improper access control and allows privilege escalation on virtual machines.
3. Local attackers with low privileges can exploit it without user interaction.
4. The vulnerability was reported by Sergey Bliznyuk from Positive Technologies.
5. Broadcom recently patched three VMware zero-days exploited in attacks (CVE-2025-22224, CVE-2025-22225, CVE-2025-22226).
6. Attackers can chain these zero-days to escape virtual machine sandboxes.
7. Over 37,000 internet-exposed VMware ESXi instances were found vulnerable to CVE-2025-22224.
8. Ransomware gangs and state-sponsored hackers frequently exploit VMware vulnerabilities.
9. Broadcom previously warned of VMware vCenter Server vulnerabilities exploited in real-world attacks.
10. Chinese state hackers used a VMware zero-day since 2021 to deploy backdoors on ESXi systems.

## TAKEAWAYS:
1. VMware Tools for Windows had a high-severity vulnerability allowing local privilege escalation.
2. Broadcom quickly patched multiple VMware security flaws, some actively exploited.
3. VMware vulnerabilities are frequent targets for ransomware groups and nation-state hackers.
4. Thousands of VMware ESXi instances remain vulnerable to recently patched flaws.
5. Continuous patching and monitoring are essential to securing VMware environments from exploitation.

Source: Dark Reading
Author: Michael Fox
URL: https://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities-threats/5-considerations-data-loss-prevention-rollout

# ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
Successfully deploying a Data Loss Prevention (DLP) program requires strategic planning, stakeholder engagement, clear communication, and a phased implementation approach.

# MAIN POINTS:
1. Choosing a DLP tool must align with infrastructure, business needs, and security priorities.
2. Integration with existing systems is crucial to avoid workflow disruptions.
3. Deploying DLP takes months due to technical, behavioral, and cultural changes.
4. Stakeholder engagement, including legal, privacy, compliance, and IT, is essential from the start.
5. Poor communication leads to resistance, workarounds, and potential rollback of enforcement.
6. Using a monitor mode first helps fine-tune policies before enforcing restrictions.
7. Training sessions, FAQs, and escalation pathways improve user acceptance.
8. A phased rollout, starting with a single region or department, minimizes risks.
9. Legal and privacy teams must be involved early to address compliance challenges.
10. Preparation, adaptability, and clear communication determine the success of a DLP program.

# TAKEAWAYS:
1. A well-chosen DLP tool should integrate smoothly with existing business operations.
2. Realistic deployment timelines prevent frustration and unexpected roadblocks.
3. Engaging key stakeholders early ensures smoother adoption and fewer disruptions.
4. Clear, practical communication reduces resistance and improves user cooperation.
5. Starting small and scaling gradually increases the likelihood of a successful rollout.

Source: The Hacker News
Author: [email protected] (The Hacker News)
URL: https://thehackernews.com/2025/03/zero-day-alert-google-releases-chrome.html

## ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
Google patched a high-severity Chrome vulnerability (CVE-2025-2783) actively exploited in a phishing campaign targeting Russian organizations with espionage intent.

## MAIN POINTS:
1. Google released an out-of-band fix for Chrome vulnerability CVE-2025-2783 on Windows.
2. The flaw involves incorrect handle usage in Mojo, impacting inter-process communication.
3. It has been actively exploited in targeted attacks against Russian organizations.
4. Google has not disclosed details about the attackers or affected victims.
5. The vulnerability was discovered by Kaspersky researchers Boris Larin and Igor Kuznetsov.
6. Kaspersky links the attacks to an APT group under Operation ForumTroll.
7. Victims were infected by clicking phishing links leading to malicious websites.
8. The flaw allows bypassing Chrome’s sandbox protection on Windows.
9. The phishing campaign impersonated organizers of the Primakov Readings forum.
10. Attackers likely used a second exploit for remote code execution, which remains undiscovered.

## TAKEAWAYS:
1. Chrome users should update to version 134.0.6998.177/.178 immediately to mitigate risks.
2. State-sponsored APT groups continue using sophisticated zero-day exploits for espionage.
3. Phishing remains a primary infection vector in targeted cyberattacks.
4. Sandboxing mechanisms can be bypassed through logical vulnerabilities in software.
5. Organizations must remain vigilant against highly tailored phishing campaigns.

Source: Help Net Security
Author: Help Net Security
URL: https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2025/03/25/security-data-hygiene/

# ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
Modern security teams must clean, enrich, and prioritize security data to improve detection, reduce costs, and enhance efficiency.

# MAIN POINTS:
1. Security operations suffer from bloated, noisy data that hinders detection and response effectiveness.
2. Indiscriminate data hoarding inflates costs and overwhelms analysts with irrelevant telemetry.
3. Manual rule tuning is outdated; AI and automation should drive dynamic, adaptive data processing.
4. SIEM storage costs can be reduced using tiered storage, deduplication, and preprocessing strategies.
5. Prioritizing high-fidelity data over sheer volume leads to better detection and operational efficiency.
6. Contextual enrichment using ontologies and threat models accelerates investigation and decision-making.
7. Alerts must be explainable and tied to broader narratives for meaningful, actionable insights.
8. Modern security telemetry pipelines streamline ingestion, enrichment, and routing before hitting analytics tools.
9. Schema-on-read and SOCless models enable flexible, scalable security data analysis without monolithic SIEMs.
10. Effective data hygiene ensures SOC teams focus on real threats, reducing burnout and improving outcomes.

# TAKEAWAYS:
1. Shift from collecting all data to curating and enriching only what matters for security value.
2. Embrace automation and AI to replace brittle, manually tuned detection rules.
3. Use cost-effective storage and preprocessing to manage log volume without sacrificing insight.
4. Leverage context and explainability to turn raw alerts into meaningful threat narratives.
5. Invest in purpose-built security data engineering tools for streamlined, scalable operations.

Source: The Hacker News
Author: [email protected] (The Hacker News)
URL: https://thehackernews.com/2025/03/10-critical-network-pentest-findings-it.html

“`markdown
## ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
Many organizations still have critical security gaps due to misconfigurations, weak passwords, and unpatched vulnerabilities, making them easy targets for attackers.

## MAIN POINTS:
1. **50% of security gaps stem from misconfigurations**, such as default settings and weak access controls.
2. **30% are caused by missing patches**, leaving systems vulnerable to known exploits.
3. **20% involve weak passwords**, allowing unauthorized access to critical services.
4. **Top security risks include mDNS, NBNS, and LLMNR spoofing**, which attackers exploit for credential theft.
5. **EternalBlue and BlueKeep vulnerabilities** still pose major risks due to unpatched systems.
6. **Outdated Microsoft Windows systems** remain a significant security threat due to lack of updates.
7. **IPMI authentication bypass** can lead to unauthorized remote access and password hash extraction.
8. **Default credentials on Firebird servers** allow attackers to easily gain unauthorized access.
9. **Regular network pentesting is essential**, yet many organizations rely on infrequent annual tests.
10. **Automated pentesting solutions like vPenTest** help organizations identify and fix vulnerabilities continuously.

## TAKEAWAYS:
1. **Misconfigurations and weak security practices are the most common vulnerabilities** exploited by attackers.
2. **Regular and automated pentesting is crucial** to identifying and mitigating security threats in real time.
3. **Unpatched systems remain a major risk**, making timely updates essential for cybersecurity.
4. **Weak passwords and default credentials** continue to be a leading cause of security breaches.
5. **Organizations must move beyond compliance-based testing** and adopt continuous security assessment strategies.
“`

Source: Active Countermeasures
Author: Faan Rossouw
URL: https://www.activecountermeasures.com/threat-hunting-a-telegram-c2-channel/

# ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
A newly discovered C2 channel exploits Telegram’s API as a backdoor, using Go programming for stealthy command-and-control operations.

# MAIN POINTS:
1. A novel Command-and-Control (C2) channel was found leveraging Telegram’s API for covert communication.
2. The malware is written in Go, enhancing its cross-platform capabilities and stealth.
3. Telegram’s API provides a reliable and encrypted medium for attackers to control compromised systems.
4. This method bypasses traditional network security measures by using a legitimate service.
5. Attackers can issue commands and exfiltrate data through Telegram bots.
6. Threat actors benefit from Telegram’s anonymity and resilience to takedown efforts.
7. Detection is challenging due to the encrypted nature of Telegram communications.
8. Security teams must develop new strategies to identify and mitigate Telegram-based C2 channels.
9. Indicators of compromise (IoCs) include unusual Telegram traffic from enterprise networks.
10. Organizations should monitor for unauthorized Telegram API usage to prevent potential threats.

# TAKEAWAYS:
1. Telegram’s API is increasingly exploited as a covert C2 channel by threat actors.
2. Traditional security tools may struggle to detect encrypted Telegram-based malware communications.
3. Monitoring network traffic for unusual Telegram activity can help identify potential threats.
4. Security teams should develop detection strategies specifically for Telegram-based C2 channels.
5. Proactive threat hunting is essential to mitigate the risks posed by novel C2 techniques.

Source: Help Net Security
Author: Help Net Security
URL: https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2025/03/20/incident-response-pitfalls/

## ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
CISOs must enhance cyber incident response by avoiding common pitfalls, improving planning, communication, exercises, security, and automation for better preparedness.

## MAIN POINTS:
1. Cyber incident response requires more than technical recovery; it must address business impact, reputation, and legal ramifications.
2. An effective response plan should define roles, escalation paths, communication strategies, and be regularly updated.
3. Tabletop exercises must be customized, internally owned, and frequently conducted to ensure realistic and actionable insights.
4. Lack of timely information sharing can lead to confusion, downtime, and regulatory penalties during an incident.
5. Coordination across multiple business functions is crucial for effective cyber incident response.
6. Secure, out-of-band communication channels are essential to prevent attackers from accessing response strategies.
7. Corporate communication tools may be compromised, necessitating independent backup systems for incident coordination.
8. Manual response processes slow reaction times; automation can streamline decision-making and improve efficiency.
9. Dynamic, automated response playbooks enable faster, more accurate incident handling.
10. Proactive identification of weaknesses strengthens an organization’s overall cyber resilience and response effectiveness.

## TAKEAWAYS:
1. Incident response must go beyond technical fixes to include legal, reputational, and business considerations.
2. Regularly updated and tested response plans are essential for effective cyber incident management.
3. Customized, frequent tabletop exercises improve response readiness and prevent them from becoming mere checkbox activities.
4. Secure, independent communication channels are necessary to protect response efforts from attackers.
5. Automation and dynamic playbooks enhance response speed, accuracy, and efficiency.

Source: Tomcat PUT to active abuse as Apache deals with critical RCE flaw | CSO Online
Author: unknown
URL: https://www.csoonline.com/article/3847956/tomcat-put-to-active-abuse-as-apache-deals-with-critical-rce-flaw.html

“`markdown
## ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
A critical RCE vulnerability in Apache Tomcat (CVE-2025-24813) is actively exploited, allowing attackers to gain remote control via PUT requests.

## MAIN POINTS:
1. Apache Tomcat has a critical remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability (CVE-2025-24813) under active exploitation.
2. Attackers use a public proof-of-concept (PoC) exploit just 30 hours after disclosure.
3. Exploitation requires only a single PUT API request to compromise vulnerable servers.
4. PUT requests appear normal and use base64 encoding to evade detection.
5. The attack leverages Tomcat’s session persistence and partial PUT request handling.
6. Malicious session files uploaded via PUT requests execute remote code upon deserialization.
7. The attack is unauthenticated and works if Tomcat uses file-based session storage.
8. Affected versions include Tomcat 11.0.0-M1 to 11.0.2, 10.1.0-M1 to 10.1.34, and 9.0.0 M1 to 9.0.98.
9. Fixed versions are 11.0.3 or later, 10.1.35 or later, and 9.0.99 or later.
10. Attackers may soon escalate to uploading malicious JSP files and modifying configurations.

## TAKEAWAYS:
1. Organizations using vulnerable Tomcat versions should upgrade to fixed versions immediately.
2. The attack method is simple, requiring no authentication for exploitation.
3. Detecting the attack is difficult due to the normal appearance of PUT requests.
4. Future attacks may involve broader abuse beyond session storage manipulation.
5. Security teams should monitor for suspicious PUT requests and improve detection mechanisms.
“`

Source: The Hacker News
Author: [email protected] (The Hacker News)
URL: https://thehackernews.com/2025/03/malicious-pypi-packages-stole-cloud.html

“`markdown
# ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
A malicious campaign targeted PyPI users with fake “time” utilities to steal cloud credentials, affecting thousands of downloads before removal.

# MAIN POINTS:
1. Cybercriminals uploaded 20 malicious Python packages to PyPI, masquerading as “time”-related utilities.
2. These packages were designed to steal sensitive cloud access tokens from affected users.
3. The campaign resulted in over 14,100 downloads before the packages were removed.
4. Some packages uploaded data to threat actor infrastructure, while others mimicked cloud client functionalities.
5. Three packages were dependencies in a popular GitHub project, increasing their reach.
6. A commit referencing a malicious package dates back to November 8, 2023.
7. Fortinet discovered thousands of suspicious packages across PyPI and npm with harmful install scripts.
8. Malicious packages often use external URLs to download payloads or communicate with command-and-control servers.
9. 974 packages were linked to data exfiltration, malware downloads, and other threats.
10. Monitoring external URLs in package dependencies is critical to preventing exploitation.

# TAKEAWAYS:
1. Attackers increasingly exploit software supply chains by injecting malicious packages into trusted repositories.
2. Developers should verify package authenticity before installation to prevent credential theft.
3. Open-source ecosystems remain vulnerable to dependency hijacking and supply chain attacks.
4. Continuous monitoring and scrutiny of external URLs in dependencies are essential for security.
5. Security firms play a vital role in identifying and mitigating emerging threats in package repositories.
“`

Source: SANS Blog
Author: unknown
URL: https://www.sans.org/blog/continuous-penetration-testing-a-consultants-perspective/

“`markdown
# ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
Continuous penetration testing provides more value than fixed-time assessments by identifying vulnerabilities earlier and allowing timely remediation.

# MAIN POINTS:
1. Fixed-time penetration tests often fail due to project delays, preventing timely identification and remediation of vulnerabilities.
2. A smart toy assessment revealed security flaws too late, forcing the company to release a vulnerable product.
3. Continuous penetration testing would have identified the toy’s Bluetooth vulnerability earlier, allowing fixes before production.
4. An assumed breach assessment failed because the customer allocated excessive resources, creating an unrealistic security scenario.
5. Continuous testing would provide a more accurate assessment of an organization’s real-world security posture.
6. Scheduling a penetration test can be complex, especially when teams lack clarity on testing priorities and readiness.
7. A financial technology customer failed to complete a security assessment due to scheduling misalignment among teams.
8. Continuous penetration testing integrates security assessments into the development cycle, minimizing delays and improving security outcomes.
9. Transitioning to continuous testing increases costs but provides a more comprehensive and valuable security assessment.
10. Organizations benefit from early vulnerability detection, better compliance, and stronger security posture with continuous penetration testing.

# TAKEAWAYS:
1. Fixed-time penetration tests often fail due to delays, leading to security risks in final products.
2. Continuous penetration testing allows vulnerabilities to be detected and remediated earlier in the development cycle.
3. A realistic security assessment requires testing under normal conditions, not during artificially heightened monitoring.
4. Integrating security testing into development reduces disruptions and enhances overall security effectiveness.
5. While costlier, continuous penetration testing provides a more valuable and comprehensive security assessment.
“`

Source: Qualys Security Blog
Author: Diksha Ojha
URL: https://blog.qualys.com/vulnerabilities-threat-research/2025/03/11/microsoft-patch-tuesday-march-2025-security-update-review

“`markdown
# ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
Microsoft’s March 2025 Patch Tuesday addresses 67 vulnerabilities, including seven zero-days and six critical flaws, across multiple Windows products and services.

# MAIN POINTS:
1. Microsoft patched 67 vulnerabilities, including six critical and 51 important severity issues.
2. Seven zero-day vulnerabilities were fixed, with four actively exploited in the wild.
3. Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) received patches for 10 security flaws.
4. Updates cover Windows, DNS Server, Hyper-V, Visual Studio, and multiple other Microsoft products.
5. Vulnerabilities include Spoofing, DoS, Elevation of Privilege, Information Disclosure, and Remote Code Execution.
6. Critical flaws in Windows Remote Desktop Services, Microsoft Office, and Windows NTFS were patched.
7. CISA urged users to patch specific zero-day vulnerabilities before April 1, 2025.
8. Qualys TruRisk Eliminate offers patchless mitigation for high-risk vulnerabilities.
9. Microsoft advises immediate patching to mitigate potential cyber threats.
10. Next Patch Tuesday is scheduled for April 15, 2025.

# TAKEAWAYS:
1. Immediate patching is necessary to protect against actively exploited zero-day vulnerabilities.
2. Remote Code Execution vulnerabilities in Windows Remote Desktop Services pose a significant risk.
3. Qualys TruRisk Eliminate provides mitigation strategies for critical vulnerabilities without requiring system reboots.
4. Organizations should stay updated with Microsoft’s Patch Tuesday to maintain security.
5. The Qualys monthly webinar series offers insights on vulnerability management and patching strategies.
“`

Source: The Register – Security
Author: Jessica Lyons
URL: https://www.theregister.com/2025/03/10/incident_response_advice/

# ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
Failing to properly investigate and respond to a cybersecurity breach can lead to costly mistakes, reputational damage, and repeated intrusions.

# MAIN POINTS:
1. DIY forensic investigations often result in costly errors and overlooked attack vectors.
2. Confirmation bias can skew incident response, leading to incorrect conclusions about breach origins.
3. Insufficient investigation time and failure to integrate new evidence worsen security incidents.
4. Organizations often react to breaches like patients receiving bad medical diagnoses—unprepared and uncertain.
5. Narrow investigative focus, often due to cost concerns, risks missing key backdoors and vulnerabilities.
6. Rushing to restore systems without preserving forensic evidence hampers proper breach analysis.
7. Creating a detailed attack timeline aids in understanding and mitigating security incidents.
8. Ransomware attacks exacerbate crisis response due to operational disruptions and extortion risks.
9. Incident response teams must balance technical investigation with external pressures from stakeholders.
10. Maintaining an updated, rehearsed cyber resilience plan is crucial for effective breach management.

# TAKEAWAYS:
1. Avoid DIY forensic investigations—engage experienced cybersecurity professionals.
2. Take a methodical approach to incident response, ensuring evidence preservation before remediation.
3. Regularly update and rehearse your incident response plan for better preparedness.
4. Foster collaboration between security vendors to improve investigation effectiveness.
5. Rebuilding compromised systems is often safer than attempting to clean them.

Source: The Hacker News
Author: [email protected] (The Hacker News)
URL: https://thehackernews.com/2025/03/vmware-security-flaws-exploited-in.html

“`markdown
# ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
Broadcom released security updates for actively exploited VMware ESXi, Workstation, and Fusion vulnerabilities that enable code execution and data leaks.

# MAIN POINTS:
1. Broadcom patched three VMware security flaws actively exploited in the wild.
2. CVE-2025-22224 allows code execution via a TOCTOU vulnerability with a CVSS score of 9.3.
3. CVE-2025-22225 enables sandbox escape through an arbitrary write flaw with a CVSS score of 8.2.
4. CVE-2025-22226 causes information disclosure via an out-of-bounds read with a CVSS score of 7.1.
5. Affected products include VMware ESXi, Workstation, Fusion, Cloud Foundation, and Telco Cloud Platform.
6. Fixed versions include ESXi 7.0U3s, ESXi 8.0U3d, Workstation 17.6.3, and Fusion 13.6.3.
7. Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center discovered and reported these vulnerabilities.
8. Broadcom confirmed real-world exploitation but did not disclose attack details or threat actor identities.
9. Users are urged to apply patches immediately for protection against active threats.
10. The vulnerabilities impact virtual machine security, potentially compromising host systems.

# TAKEAWAYS:
1. Organizations using VMware products must urgently apply the latest security patches.
2. Exploited vulnerabilities pose significant risks, including code execution and data leaks.
3. Microsoft played a key role in identifying and reporting these security flaws.
4. Broadcom acknowledged real-world exploitation but withheld specific attack details.
5. Keeping virtualization infrastructure updated is crucial to mitigating security risks.
“`

Source: BleepingComputer
Author: unknown
URL: https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/rubrik-rotates-authentication-keys-after-log-server-breach/

# ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
Rubrik experienced a security breach on a log file server, prompting key rotations, but found no evidence of data misuse.

# MAIN POINTS:
1. Rubrik detected unusual activity on a server hosting log files.
2. The company immediately took the affected server offline to mitigate risks.
3. A forensic investigation confirmed the breach was isolated to this single server.
4. No unauthorized access to customer data or internal source code was found.
5. Some log files contained access information, leading to a precautionary key rotation.
6. There is no evidence that the compromised information was misused.
7. The breach was not a ransomware attack, and no communication from threat actors was received.
8. Rubrik has over 6,000 customers, including major corporations and institutions.
9. The company previously suffered a data breach in 2023 due to Fortra GoAnywhere attacks.
10. A third-party forensic partner assisted in confirming the breach’s limited scope.

# TAKEAWAYS:
1. Quick detection and response helped contain the breach.
2. Rotating authentication keys minimized potential risks from leaked access information.
3. No customer data or internal source code was compromised.
4. The incident was not linked to ransomware or extortion attempts.
5. Past security breaches highlight the ongoing cybersecurity challenges for major firms.

Source: Help Net Security
Author: Mirko Zorz
URL: https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2025/03/04/ciso-vs-cio/

## ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
CISOs and CIOs often have conflicting priorities, but strategic collaboration enhances security, IT efficiency, and overall business resilience.

## MAIN POINTS:
1. CIOs prioritize IT efficiency and innovation, while CISOs focus on security, risk management, and compliance.
2. Differing goals, budget constraints, and reporting structures often create friction between the two roles.
3. Security requirements can slow down IT projects, creating conflicts between agility and risk management.
4. A lack of shared language between IT and security teams leads to misunderstandings.
5. Strong CIO-CISO collaboration increases budget efficiency, streamlines processes, and improves stakeholder confidence.
6. Joint key performance indicators (KPIs) help align IT and security objectives.
7. Organizations increasingly favor CISOs reporting to the CEO or Board for independent security oversight.
8. Security-by-design principles prevent security from becoming a last-minute roadblock in IT projects.
9. Risk-based security frameworks allow for faster, secure technology adoption without unnecessary restrictions.
10. A unified IT-security budget approach strengthens the case for security investments as a business enabler.

## TAKEAWAYS:
1. Aligning IT and security goals fosters a resilient, innovative, and secure organization.
2. Early CISO involvement in IT projects reduces friction and costly disruptions.
3. Integrated reporting structures and collaboration tools improve communication and decision-making.
4. Risk-based security approaches support business agility while maintaining strong protections.
5. Presenting IT and security investments as a unified strategy enhances leadership buy-in and funding.

Source: Cloud Security Alliance
Author: unknown
URL: https://cloudsecurityalliance.org/blog/2025/03/03/the-shift-to-risk-based-data-security-posture-management

# ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
Organizations are shifting from compliance-driven cybersecurity to proactive, risk-based data security strategies to address evolving threats and enhance resilience.

# MAIN POINTS:
1. Traditional compliance-based cybersecurity strategies are insufficient for modern data environments and evolving threats.
2. Risk-based approaches focus on mitigating high-impact risks rather than merely meeting compliance requirements.
3. Organizations face significant challenges in identifying and prioritizing vulnerabilities in complex cloud environments.
4. Many companies lack adequate tools and confidence to manage high-risk data sources effectively.
5. Diverging security priorities between executives and operational teams create inefficiencies in risk management.
6. Overuse of multiple security tools leads to inefficiencies and conflicting information.
7. Data Security Posture Management (DSPM) enhances visibility, risk identification, and security control implementation.
8. Key performance indicators are shifting from compliance violations to vulnerability patch rates and security violations.
9. Organizations plan to invest in staff training, process automation, and security tool consolidation to improve risk management.
10. A proactive, data-centric security approach enhances resilience and naturally supports compliance requirements.

# TAKEAWAYS:
1. Risk-based security strategies enable proactive threat mitigation and resource optimization.
2. Cloud complexity requires unified security approaches to manage vulnerabilities effectively.
3. DSPM enhances data protection by improving visibility and prioritizing critical risks.
4. Investing in automation and tool consolidation reduces inefficiencies in risk management.
5. Proactive security measures strengthen resilience while ensuring long-term organizational success.

Source: Dark Reading
Author: Erich Kron
URL: https://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities-threats/top-10-most-probable-ways-company-can-be-hacked

## ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
A data-driven cybersecurity strategy prioritizes addressing root causes of attacks rather than symptoms, ensuring proactive defense against evolving cyber threats.

## MAIN POINTS:
1. A data-driven cybersecurity strategy relies on real data, not intuition, to protect critical assets.
2. Understanding attack root causes prevents vulnerabilities rather than just mitigating attack symptoms.
3. Social engineering is the primary attack method, exploiting human behavior through phishing, vishing, and other deceptive techniques.
4. Programming bugs create exploitable security weaknesses, often due to coding errors or outdated software.
5. Authentication attacks exploit credential vulnerabilities using brute force, MFA bypass, and credential stuffing.
6. Malicious scripting abuses legitimate programming tools like PowerShell to execute harmful actions.
7. Human errors and misconfigurations, such as overly permissive permissions, frequently lead to security breaches.
8. Eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks intercept and manipulate sensitive communications.
9. Brute-force attacks leverage computing power to crack weak passwords and encryption keys.
10. Insider threats pose significant risks as they originate from trusted individuals with legitimate access.

## TAKEAWAYS:
1. Prioritize addressing root causes like social engineering and unpatched software over reacting to attack symptoms.
2. Focus cybersecurity efforts on protecting the most critical assets and identifying likely attack vectors.
3. Human error and misconfigurations remain major security risks that require training and strict access controls.
4. Security teams must avoid distraction from news-driven threats and instead rely on their own risk assessments.
5. Preventing future attacks demands continuous evaluation of vulnerabilities rather than just responding to incidents.

Source: Cloud Security Alliance
Author: unknown
URL: https://cloudsecurityalliance.org/articles/building-better-grc-habits-why-2025-is-the-year-to-embrace-continuous-controls-monitoring

# ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
Many organizations struggle with effective compliance management, needing a shift from reactive approaches to continuous controls monitoring for lasting improvement.

# MAIN POINTS:
1. Many organizations invest in GRC tools but fail to develop sustainable compliance habits.
2. Only 5% of organizations consider their compliance programs optimized for efficiency and continuous improvement.
3. 94% of CISOs believe Continuous Controls Monitoring (CCM) improves security and compliance.
4. Over 50% of organizations lack compliance integration in their CI/CD pipeline.
5. 80% of CISOs report unnecessary duplication in compliance efforts.
6. 55% of CISOs cite cultural resistance as the main barrier to CCM adoption.
7. 31% of CISOs highlight financial concerns as a primary obstacle to change.
8. Successful GRC transformation requires breaking goals into smaller, manageable steps.
9. Choosing the right CCM tools with strong integrations is crucial for success.
10. Measuring and communicating compliance achievements builds momentum for broader transformation.

# TAKEAWAYS:
1. Shifting from reactive compliance to a continuous mindset is essential for long-term security and efficiency.
2. Cultural and organizational resistance pose greater challenges than financial constraints in adopting CCM.
3. Automating repetitive compliance tasks can significantly reduce manual effort and improve efficiency.
4. Selecting CCM tools with strong integrations and real-time reporting enhances compliance management.
5. Organizations should focus on small wins and gradual improvements to build sustainable GRC habits.

Source: #_shellntel Blog
Author: unknown
URL: https://blog.shellntel.com/p/using-rpc-filters-to-protect-against-coercion-attacks

# ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
Coercion attacks exploit network vulnerabilities to escalate privileges, requiring comprehensive remediation and detection strategies beyond simple patches or fixes.

# MAIN POINTS:
1. Coercion attacks force authentication requests to attacker-specified hosts, often chaining with other exploits.
2. Many organizations fail to fully remediate coercion vulnerabilities despite widespread awareness.
3. Partial remediation often focuses on ADCS or NTLMv1 downgrading, leaving other attack vectors open.
4. RPC filters in Windows can mitigate some coercion attacks but have limitations and bypasses.
5. Several well-known coercion vulnerabilities exist, including Printer Bug, PetitPotam, and DFS Coerce.
6. Microsoft has patched some vulnerabilities, but others remain exploitable with authenticated access.
7. PowerShell scripts can help automate blocking vulnerable RPC endpoints.
8. Event IDs like 5145 and 5712 can aid in detecting coercion attack attempts.
9. Domain Controllers should not run print spooler services to reduce attack surfaces.
10. Effective remediation requires patching, disabling unnecessary services, and implementing robust monitoring.

# TAKEAWAYS:
1. Coercion attacks remain a serious privilege escalation threat despite existing mitigations.
2. Organizations must implement layered defenses, not just rely on patching.
3. PowerShell scripts can streamline RPC endpoint blocking for better security.
4. Monitoring Event IDs like 5145 can improve detection of attack attempts.
5. Regular security assessments are essential to identify and remediate lingering vulnerabilities.

Source: 5 things to know about ransomware threats in 2025 | CSO Online
Author: unknown
URL: https://www.csoonline.com/article/3833826/how-to-configure-oauth-in-microsoft-365-defender-and-keep-your-cloud-secure.html

# ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
Cloud authentication offers security and efficiency but requires vigilant monitoring to prevent OAuth abuse, phishing attacks, and Active Directory compromises.

# MAIN POINTS:
1. Cloud authentication enhances security, scalability, and cost-efficiency but can be exploited if not properly managed.
2. OAuth technology enables third-party access without sharing credentials but can be misused for unauthorized access.
3. Attackers exploit OAuth through phishing, stealing session tokens to gain persistent access.
4. Microsoft 365 Defender helps detect OAuth-related threats, including business email compromise and phishing attacks.
5. Organizations should regularly review OAuth connections, focusing on high-risk permissions and newly authorized apps.
6. Administrative approval for OAuth applications can prevent unauthorized access but may introduce operational overhead.
7. Monitoring OAuth logs and resetting credentials after a compromise is crucial for security.
8. On-premises Active Directory is also targeted, requiring additional security measures.
9. Microsoft 365 Defender tools help identify vulnerabilities and recommend security improvements.
10. Regular reviews and proactive security measures, such as LAPS, help prevent lateral movement and credential misuse.

# TAKEAWAYS:
1. Regularly audit OAuth applications and permissions to mitigate security risks.
2. Enable administrative approval for OAuth apps to prevent unauthorized access.
3. Use Microsoft 365 Defender to detect and respond to OAuth-related attacks.
4. Implement LAPS to manage administrator passwords and prevent lateral movement.
5. Continuously monitor cloud authentication and Active Directory security to stay ahead of threats.

Source: Blog RSS Feed
Author: Josh Breaker-Rolfe
URL: https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/key-updates-owasp-top-list-llms

## ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
The OWASP Top Ten List for LLMs and Gen AI 2025 highlights evolving threats, emphasizing sensitive data exposure, supply chain risks, and new vulnerabilities.

## MAIN POINTS:
1. Sensitive information disclosure risk jumped from sixth to second place due to increased LLM usage in daily operations.
2. Employees misusing LLMs by inputting sensitive data can cause data leaks and security breaches.
3. Supply chain risks rose from fifth to third place, emphasizing vulnerabilities in pre-trained models and datasets.
4. Data poisoning, model tampering, and fine-tuning risks contribute to supply chain security concerns.
5. System prompt leakage, ranked seventh, exposes internal instructions that attackers can exploit for further attacks.
6. OWASP advises separating sensitive data from system prompts and enforcing independent security controls.
7. Vector and embedding weaknesses, ranked eighth, pose risks in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) applications.
8. OWASP recommends fine-grained access controls and detailed logging for embedding-based methods.
9. Misinformation, unbounded consumption, and excessive agency risks were updated for the 2025 list.
10. Organizations must remain vigilant as LLM threats and vulnerabilities constantly evolve.

## TAKEAWAYS:
1. Organizations must educate employees on responsible AI tool usage to prevent sensitive data leaks.
2. Strengthening supply chain security is critical as external components introduce multiple vulnerabilities.
3. Implementing independent security controls helps mitigate system prompt leakage risks.
4. Fine-grained access controls and logging improve security in embedding-based AI applications.
5. Continuous monitoring and adaptation are essential as LLM threats evolve rapidly.

Source: Cloud Security Alliance
Author: unknown
URL: https://www.oasis.security/resources/blog/why-should-active-directory-hygiene-be-part-of-your-nhi-security-program

# ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
Active Directory struggles with modern hybrid environments, requiring improved hygiene to manage machine identities, reduce security risks, and maintain operational stability.

# MAIN POINTS:
1. Active Directory was designed for human users, not machine identities, which now outnumber humans by 20 to 1.
2. Machine identities require multiple credentials and have unpredictable lifecycles, complicating security and access management.
3. Poor AD hygiene can cause security risks, operational disruptions, and inefficiencies in hybrid environments.
4. Stale accounts and excessive permissions create vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit.
5. Forgotten dependencies in AD can lead to sync failures with Entra, disrupting critical applications.
6. Manual identity tracking is slow, error-prone, and needs automation for efficiency.
7. AD’s nested group structures obscure permissions, making access control difficult.
8. Logs from AD and Entra are fragmented, requiring significant expertise to analyze effectively.
9. Service accounts often lack clear ownership, making them hard to manage securely.
10. Hybrid environments amplify these challenges, with lingering permissions and hidden dependencies causing governance issues.

# TAKEAWAYS:
1. Active Directory hygiene is crucial for securing hybrid environments and preventing security risks.
2. Automation is essential for effective identity tracking and reducing manual errors.
3. Organizations must regularly audit and clean up stale accounts and excessive permissions.
4. Visibility into AD and Entra logs is necessary for understanding and managing access.
5. Clear ownership of service accounts is key to maintaining security and operational stability.

Source: How to create an effective incident response plan | CSO Online
Author: unknown
URL: https://www.csoonline.com/article/3829684/how-to-create-an-effective-incident-response-plan.html

# ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY:
A well-structured incident response plan ensures business resilience by prioritizing critical systems, clear communication, defined roles, and continuous testing.

# MAIN POINTS:
1. A major IT outage can halt business operations, making incident response planning crucial for resilience.
2. Business impact analysis (BIA) helps identify essential functions and prioritize response efforts.
3. Clear communication strategies prevent extended downtimes and confusion during incidents.
4. Defined roles and responsibilities ensure a coordinated and efficient incident response.
5. Incident response should involve cross-functional teams beyond just IT and cybersecurity.
6. Understanding the evolving threat landscape, including supply chain and insider threats, is essential.
7. Continuous testing and reviews improve response effectiveness and readiness.
8. Lessons learned from past incidents should inform future response strategies.
9. Simplified, modular playbooks enhance usability and adaptability in crisis situations.
10. Cybersecurity incidents should be treated as business-wide concerns, not just IT issues.

# TAKEAWAYS:
1. Businesses must proactively assess critical systems and plan responses before an incident occurs.
2. Effective communication protocols minimize downtime and improve coordination during crises.
3. Clearly assigned roles and workflows prevent confusion and enhance response efficiency.
4. Regular testing and post-incident reviews strengthen overall resilience and preparedness.
5. A modular playbook approach simplifies response efforts and ensures adaptability.